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What characteristic is common to thermal overload relays?

  1. They utilize magnetic fields

  2. They respond to heat generated by excessive current

  3. They operate only in electronic circuits

  4. They are not used in industrial applications

The correct answer is: They respond to heat generated by excessive current

Thermal overload relays function based on the principle of heat generated by excessive current flow. When an electrical current exceeds the rating of the relay, it generates heat due to the resistance of the conductor. This heat causes a bi-metallic strip within the relay to bend, eventually opening the circuit and stopping the current flow. This mechanism provides a safeguard against overheating, which can damage equipment or lead to dangerous conditions. The other characteristics mentioned, such as utilizing magnetic fields, operating only in electronic circuits, or not being used in industrial applications, do not apply to thermal overload relays. In fact, they are specifically designed for use in industrial settings, where protecting motors and other equipment from overload is crucial for ensuring safety and maintaining operational efficiency.